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Vintage programmable calculators

Casio FX-700P

• Hardware description
• Internal data representation, BASIC program structure, memory map, file formats
• Some information specific to the FX-730P calculator
• The FA-3 Cassette Interface
• The FP-12 Thermal Printer
• Self-made mass storage and printer interface
• Service manual for the Radio Shack PC-4 (OEM version of the Casio FX-700P/PB-100) and Tandy Technical Bulletin concerning the 1kB RAM pack versions
• Service manual for the Radio Shack PC-6 (OEM version of the Casio FX-780P), circuit diagram representative of many other Casio calculators (including FX-730P)

Casio PB-700

• Circuit diagram
• Hardware description
• Internal data representation, BASIC program structure, file formats
• The FA-4 Cassette and Printer Interface
• Circuit diagram of the SB-41 unit - printer interface board and calculator interface board
• Self-made serial and printer interface

Casio PB-1000

• Hardware description
• Internal data representation
• Internal ROM of the HD61700 processor
• Description of the HD61700 microprocessor assembly language - based on the English version of the original Casio manual and on the document which accompanies the HD61700 Cross Assembler, covers documented and undocumented instructions.
• Simple HD61700 disassembler
• Reconstructed and partially commented internal 6kB ROM program listing
• Partially commented external 32kB ROM disassembly
• PB-1000 emulator for Windows
• Simple RS232 interface
• Programming of the LCD controller
• PB_Forth - implementation of the Forth programming language for the PB-1000, based on the work of the Forth Interest Group
  Links to the language standard documents: Forth-79, Forth-83
• Implementation of the classic game Tetris for the PB-1000 - contributed by Alfonso Luis Suarez Diaz
• Owner's Manual, Command Reference, Technical Reference
• Book PB-1000 Intern - fully commented ROM disassembly (in German, character encoding Windows-1252 or ISO-8859-1)
• Book Programmsammlung für den Casio PB1000 (in German, character encoding DOS Latin US, known as CP-437)
• PB-1000C external 32kB ROM dump and partially commented disassembly listing, CASL/COMET manual

Casio PB-2000C / AI-1000

• Hardware description
• Undocumented commands
• Partially commented internal 6kB ROM disassembly, extracted in a similar way as in case of the PB-1000
• Partially commented external 64kB ROM disassembly
• ROM dump and partially commented disassembly of the OM-53B BASIC language card
• Executing machine code
• How to read out the contents of a memory card using a PB-2000C
• PB-2000C emulator for Windows
• Service manual
• Owner's Manual and Introduction to the C programming language

Casio FX-870P / VX-4

• Hardware description
• Partially commented internal 6kB ROM disassembly, extracted in a similar way as in case of the PB-1000
• Partially commented external 128kB ROM disassembly
• FX870P emulator for Windows

Casio VX-3

• Partially commented internal 6kB ROM disassembly. It wasn't read out from the processor, not even indirectly as in case of the PB-1000, but only cobbled together from pieces of the VX-4 and PB-2000C code.
• Partially commented external 128kB ROM disassembly
• VX-3 emulator for Windows

Casio MD-100

• Technical information about the MD-100 floppy disk drive and a bus timing diagram
• Circuit diagram of the FA-7 interface, partially relevant for the MD-100, omitted RS232 voltage converter and power supply monitor
• Circuit diagram of the MD-100 floppy disk system
• Description of the HD61710A01 interface chip
• Photograph of the MD-100 printed circuit board
• ROM dump and disassembly listing of the microprocessor HD6305Y1, which controls the floppy disk system
• How to read out the internal ROM contents of an HD6305Y1 microprocessor
• Program to read and write the MD-100 floppy disk images on a PC
• MD-100 emulator for Windows
• Construction project - MD-100 compatible solid state mass storage device
• Construction project - MD-100 and FA-7 compatible USB interface

Casio FX-602P

Circuit diagram drawn by me and another one, likely copied from an original service manual: part 1 and part 2 Original circuit diagrams of the FA-2 cassette interface and the FP-10 spark printer Character and keyword codes Description of the expansion port The FA-2 Cassette Interface Self-made serial and printer interface Publications by E. Welker (in German): RAM expansion part 1 and part 2, synthetic programming part 1 and part 2, project of a hobby modem

Casio FX-702P

• Service manual - circuit diagram, text book
• Circuit diagram drawn by me
• Table of character and keyword codes contributed by Mahmoud Yassine

Casio FX-8000G

Hardware description Description of the reverse engineered NM320/μPD1007/uPD1007 microprocessor instruction set Simple μPD1007 assembler and disassembler Internal 18kB ROM disassembly listing reconstructed by single stepping through the code External 32kB ROM dump and disassembly listing Method to access all memory and executing machine code - contributed by Samir Ribić Games written in assembler by Samir Ribić: Space Invaders, Minotaur, Chess FX-8000G emulator for Windows Simple serial interface Service manual Circuit diagram of the FA-80 interface Description of the HD61710A01 interface chip used in the FA-80 Programming of the LCD controller The microprocessor μPD1007 is also used in the calculators FX-6000G, FX-7000G, FX-8500G.

Casio SF-9300

• Hardware description
• Description of the reverse engineered NM326/HD62076/μPD3055/uPD3055 microprocessor instruction set
• Simple HD62076/μPD3055 assembler and disassembler
• Partially commented diagnostic code disassembly listing
• Service manual for a similar model without card support SF-8350

The microprocessor HD62076/μPD3055 is also used in the calculators FX-7700G, FX-8700G.

Casio FX-7500G

• Hardware description
• Description of the reverse engineered NM325/HD62023/μPD1037/uPD1037 microprocessor instruction set
• Simple HD62023/μPD1037 assembler and disassembler
• External 32kB ROM dump and disassembly listing
• FX-7500G emulator for Windows

The microprocessor HD62023/μPD1037 is also used in the financial calculator FC-1000 and in the organizers SF-4000, SF-4100, SF-7500.

Casio FP-40

• Owner's Manual
• Photos of what's inside: 1, 2, 3
• Circuit diagram
• Documentation of a thermal printer mechanism Epson M-1221 (very similar to the M-1220 one used in the FP-40) and a driving circuit design guide
• ROM dump and disassembly listing of the microprocessor HD6305Y1
• How to read out the internal ROM contents of an HD6305Y1 microprocessor
• Circuit diagram of the SB-41 unit - printer interface board and calculator interface board
• Circuit diagram of a self-made SB-43 equivalent, doesn't work well in the condensed printing mode yet (the printing head keeps moving forward infinitely, doesn't return back), misses characters when used with a fast computer

Elektronika MK-90

• Hardware description
• Internal data representation
• Description of the RAM cartridge
• Cartridge memory map
• Simple cartridge reader/programmer
• Read-only memory cartridge
• Assembly programming
• Partially commented ROM disassembly for the BASIC version 2.0 and the BASIC version 1.0, which appear to be derivatives of BASIC built in the ROM of the DVK-1 personal computer, which in turn appears to be a patched copy of an early DEC PDP-11 BASIC distributed on the paper tape. The listings include original labels and comments taken from the floating point library of the RT-11 operating system and the FOCAL-11 source code.
• MK-90 emulator for Windows
• Memory dump of a ROM cartridge SMP92-1 containing games and tutorials which can be launched on the emulator (version 09 or higher with BASIC 2.0 required) - contributed by Sergei Frolov.
  This video shows how the games look on a real machine.
  Individual games extracted from the SMP92-1 module which can be programmed into ordinary MPO-10 cartridges and played on a real MK-90 with any BASIC version.
  Partially commented disassembly listing of the loader and main menu.
  The game "chess" appears to be a graphical layer on top of the program chess.sav for the RT-11 operating system.

Elektronika MK-85

The design of this calculator is obviously based on the Casio FX-700P, but it appears to be an entirely different machine after all. It uses a 16-bit PDP-11 compatible microprocessor along with external RAM, program ROM and LCD controller. Such open architecture makes it an interesting object of hacking.

• User's manual, circuit diagram, PCB - component side view, bottom side view
• Hardware description
• Internal data representation, BASIC program structure, memory map
• Algorithms
• Differences from Casio FX-700P
• Undocumented features, quirks and bugs
• Assembly programming
• Project of a mass storage device
• Partially commented ROM disassembly
• MK-85 font for Windows
• MK-85 emulator for Windows
• Modification of the MK-85

Elektronika MK-87

The design of this electronic organizer is inspired by a similar Casio PF-3000 model, but it is built on the same component base as the Elektronika MK-85.

• User's manual
• MK-87 service pack - circuit diagram, ROM dump, drawings
• Partially commented ROM disassembly
• Character set
• MK-87 emulator for Windows

Miscellaneous

• Casio FX-502P circuit diagram
• Casio FX-603P circuit diagram
• Casio SFR-20 circuit diagram
  Hint: if the organizer doesn't turn on, the most likely cause is a corroded trace or via underneath a leaking electrolytic capacitor C16 (usually the connection between the slide switch SW1 and the microprocessor pin 36).
• Circuit diagram of the Casio FA-6 interface - the base unit and the head unit
• Brother M-1109 (Centronics GLP II) impact dot matrix printer owner's manual - German language version
• Programs
• Links
• Recent updates of this web site

This web site is maintained by Piotr Piatek.